Evaporator.



E. ZAREMBA & 0. MANTIUS.

EVAPORATOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 22, 1912.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD ZAREMBA AND OTTO MANTIUS,'OF BUFFALO, NEWYORK, ASSIGNORS '.ll'O ZAREMBA COMPANY, A CORPORATION 0F IVIAI'JSI'IEI.y

EVAVPORATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Iatented Aug. 11, 19ML Application filed August 22, 1912. Serial No. 716,405.

To all, lwhom it may concern:

lie it known that we, Inwnun ZAREMBA, a

citizen of the United States, and O'rro MAN- atmospheric, more particularly whenl the liquid is more or less corrosive in character. I-Ieretofore in the case of liquids of this kind it has been necessary to substitute for the cast iron or steel ordinarily used a construction of copper, bronze, lead or some other expensive metal, the choice being determined by its relative corrodibility by the particular liquid to be handled.

In our new system of construction We have provided a method whereby a more or less corrosive liquid can be concentrated in evaporators whose shells, and for the most part, whose steamchests` can be made of cast iron or steel. This result is obtained by fitting the cast iron or steel surfaces with an acidresistant, non-metallic lining, i. e., one of tile, or brick, and cement.

We are aware that linings have heretofore been used for the purpose of protection against corrosive liquids, but in such cases the conditions surrounding the use of these linings have been very different. Generally the lining has been applied to a receptacle or storage tank for acid liquids, a situation in which the temperature and pressure are that of the atmosphere. In the apparatus of the present invention the temperatures are always higher than atmospheric, sometimes as much as 200 degrees higher,while the pressures vary between Wide limits running ordinarily from 2O lbs. above atmosphere, down to a vacuum of 27 or 28". The natural effect ofthe high temperature would be to soften any plastic material that might be used for lining surfaces, and at the same time the use of a pressure other than .atmospheric would tend to distort or displace the lining, especially should itbecome somewhat softened by the temperature.- IVe overcome these difficulties by giving the various chambers of the evaporator such a configuration and making up the lining in such a manner that neitherthe temperature nor the preslsure will have any efl'ect in disturbing the integrity of the lining.

It 1s the `obj ect of the present invention to provide a form of evaporator construction as a result of which evaporators for handling acid liquids may be, in large part, built from cheap metals such as cast iron and steel, and in such manner that the acid in the liquidwill be unable either to corrode the cast iron or steel, or for the liquid operated upon to be rendered impure as a result of such corrosion.

The details of the present invention will be better understood by reference to the fol- 4lowing' description which is to be taken in conjunction with ing of Which- Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation of the accompanying drawz one evaporator body, and Fig. 2 is a detailed section on the line 2 2.

In this case the shell and steamchests of the evaporator body are built of cast iron, consisting of a dished bottom head 1, flanged liquor belt 2, flanged vapor belt 3, dished top head 4. The liquor belt 2 is a plain cylindrical ring from which project at each side, necks 5 and 6; through the opening provided by the walls of these necks ass the tubes making up the heating sur ace. The top surface of each of these necks is arched, as shown in Fig. 2. To each neck is secured a steamchest casting 9 and 10, also arched at the top, while between each steamchest and flanged outlet is placed a bronze flueplate 7 and 8, into which the tubes making up the heating surface are secured. This statement completes the description of the evaporator proper together with the steamchest. The Various castings are provided with the necessary outlets such as vapor outlet 11, peephole openings 12, steam inlet 13, liquor outlet 14, condensation outlet 15, air vent 16.

The lining that we use for the interior of the evaporator body consists-of tile or bricks about 1% thick, carefully set in any good Waterproof cement.y The surfaces to which this lining is applied are sufficiently curved in shape to permit us to introduce the tile or 'bricks vused in the lining in the form. of arches-an inverted arch 17 in the case of the bottom, and anormal arch 18 in the case of the top and normal arches 19 in the case of4 thesteam chests and necks, and a horizontal arch 20`in the case of the cylindrical walls. By the use of proper wor anship in the placingy of the bricks, the arches thus constructed are very strong and can readily resist any pressure that could be imposed upon their exterior asa result of air leakage through the metallic walls or joints of the evaporator body. The tile or bricks used are laced closely together so that Lshould there be any softening ofthe cementing material as a -result of high temperature, it could not have the eifect of destroying the integrity of the lining. It is to be noted that in the case of the necks 5 and 6 their bottom 21 and side surfaces, which are not large in ex tent, can be built'at inasmuch as any pres-- sure that might be imposedl at these points could not be sutiicient to injure the lining. For this reason we do not limit ourselves to V the use of arches at all points of the evaporator body. In the case of the outlets such as the liquor outlet 14, condensation outlet 1,5 and air vent 16, a brass or co per nipple 23 is screwedinto the casting be ore the 1ining is put in place. Afterward the lining is built up around these nipples in such a manner as to afford the acid liquor, or any acid vapor produced, no opportunity for attack ing the cast iron. l

Our specification has been based on the use of a vcast iron shell. Itis to be understood, however, that we do notlimit ourselves to the use of this material, inasmuch as a construction of steel could be substituted without any change in the arrangement of the lining or the eiciency with which it is used. The heating surface which consists of tubes 24 extending between the plates 7 and 8 may be of copper, brass, lead, steel coated with lead, or any other construction that might be chosen. The flue-plates 7 and 8 can be of copper, bronze, hard lead or any other suitable metal. f

'Secured to theouter flanges of the steamchests 9 and 10 are steamchest covers 25, consisting of cast iron or steel plates lined onthe side next to the steamchest interior with copper 26 or other resistant material. It would be impracticable to apply the nonmetallic lining to these plates inasmuch as they must be removed from time to timean operation which the brick lining could not long survive.

We have described a single body, which may be used in that form as a single effect yevaporator or in conjunction with other similar bodies to form a multiple effect evaporator. In the ca'se of a single effect, live or exhaust steam is fed into the steamchest action can occur.

tiple eiiect following the first body, acid ma a multi le effect, steam isjfed intoithe s teamchest o the Vfirst body and the vapor produced passes into the steamchest ofthe -second body. The vapor produced in the second body passes .into the stealnchest of the4 third body, and so on. It would not be necessary to provide any .Y lining in the' steam Achest'of a single effect or in the chest of the irst body of a multiple effect, for the reason that only steam is present and no corrosive In those bodies of a mulor may not be present in the vapor, depen ing on the particular kind of liquid operated l resent the steam- Y upon. Where acids are chests would be lined as escribed.

'What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. A Avacuum evaporator for pperatinv on corrosive liquor at temperatures higher t an atmospheric and at pressures lower than atmospheric, said evaporator having a ,metal shell and having a protective covering therein of masonry arched to withstand external pressure, steam chests projecting from either side of said shell near its bottom, corrosion resistant plates for said steam chests and straight heater tubes of corrosion resistant metal supported in said plates and traversing the shell of said evaporator to heat the corrosive liquor therein.

2. A metallic vacuum evaporator comprising a vaporizing chamber'and a heating sur- `face therein for use in concentrating corrosive liquids as described, said evaporator having its exposed corrodlble surfaces lined with material resistant lto the `corrosive action of the liquid, said lining being arched and'self-supporting against pressure on its convex surface and said heating surface comprising acid resistant pipes passing transversely across the lower part of said chamber and contacting with the corrosive liquid therein to heat the same.

3. In an evaporator the combination of a cast iron or steel chamber having an acid resistant lining, heating tubes traversing said chamber and supported at their ends in corrosion resistant flueplates, steamchests opposite the ends of ,said tubes and wearresistin linings for said chests protecting the wals thereof from corrosive action of acids passing into the chests with the vapor.

4. In an evaporator, the combination of a metal body having projecting necks, a cQrrosion resisting plate for each neck to serve as a fluep'late, heating tubes traversing said necks and supported by said plates, steam chests opposite the ends of said tubes, and an acid-proof masonry coverin located next to the interior walls of said bo y, said covering being arched to render it self-supporting and adapted to withstand pressure uponits .mospheric and at pressures lower' than atmospheric, said evaporator having a tubular metal body positioned on end and having an Y acid-proof coveringwhere` it is exposed to corrosive action of the liquid being concentrated, said covering being arched to resist crushing pressures which might result from leakage throufrh the wall of the evaporator, and acid resistant heater pipes passing transversely across the lower part of saidbody and contacting with the corrosive liquid therein to heat the same.

7. In an evaporator, the combination of a, metal chamber having a concave bottom and projecting necks, corrosion resistin plates for each neck to serve as'a ue-plate,gheating tubes traversing said necks and supported by said flue-plates, steamA chests opposite the ends of said tubes, and an acid proof covering within said evaporator, said covering being arched over said'necks and around the sides of said evaporator to resist crushing strains which might result from leakage through the metal chamber of the evaporator.

8. In an evaporator for the treatlnent of corrosive liquids, the combination of a body having a. neck near its bottom, a masonry lining for said body and said neck, a flueplate of corrosion resistant metal secured to said neck, heater tubes of corrosion resistant metal carried by said iiueplate and contacting with liquid in said evaporator body and a steam chest attached to said neck to deliver a heating fluid to vsaid tubes.

S). In an evaporator for the treatment of corrosive liquids, an evaporator body lined f with masonry, a steam chest for said body having an arched top lined with masonry. a corrosion resistant metal flueplate for sai steam chest, heater tubes in said vflueplate and a removable cover for said steam chest faced with copper.-

10. In an evaporator for the treatment of corrosive liquors, a metal 'body lined with masonry and having a neck near its bottom, a steam chestwith a removable cover, a corro-sion resistant iueplate clamped betweensaid steam chest and its neck and corrosion resistant heater tubes supported by said flueplate and arranged to contact with the corrosive liquid under treatment in said evaporator body.

11. 'In an evaporator for the treatment ofv corrosive liquids at temperatures higher than atmospheric and at pressures lower than atmospheric, a metal bodyV lined with masonry and having oppositely disposed necks with arched tops, said tops bein lined with masonry, a steam chest secure to each neck, a bronze iueplate clamped between each steam chest and its neck, corrosion resistant heater tubes in said lueplates and a remov- 75, able cover for each steam Ichest, said covers being resistant to thefcorrosive action 'of the material supplied to said chests.

l2. In an evaporator for the treatment ofx corrosive liquids at temperatures higher than g@ atmospheric and at pressures lower than atmospheric, the combination of a metal shell having a concave bottom and a dome-shaped top, an acid resistant lining for vsaid shell and its bottom and top, necks projecting g5 from opposite sides of said shell near the, bottom and having arched tops protected by a corrosion resistant lining', steam chests secured to said necks and each provided with a corrosion resistant lueplate, straight heater tubes carried by said iueplates and horizontally traversing the lower portion of said shell to heat the corrosive liquid therein and corrosion resisting covers for said steam chests.

13. In an evaporator forv the treatment of corrosive liquids at temperatures higher than atmospheric and at pressures lower than at mospheric, the combination of a meta-l shell having dished top and bottom heads, a ma-` sonry lining arched throughout said shell` and its heads to withstand external pressure, necks projecting on opposite sides of said shell near the bottom, said necks having arched tops lined with masonry, steam chests secured to said necks and each having an arched toplined with masonry, a corrosion resistant iueplate forming the inner wall of each steam chest, straight corrosion resistant tubes supported by said fiueplates and traversing the lower portion of said shell in contact with the corrosive liquid to y be evaporated and removable covers for said steam chests.

14. In an evaporator for operating on corrosive liquid at temperatures higher than atmospheric and at pressures lower than atmospheric, the combination of a shell built in sections fastened together, a dished bottom head for said shell, a dished top head for said shell, and a masonry Alining for said shell and its heads` arched to resist external pressure in case of leakage through the Joints, necks protruding through opposite sides of said shell, said necks having arched tops lined with masonry, a steam chest for each neck having an arched top lined with masonry, a bronze iueplate clamped between each neck and its steam chest, straight brass tubes supported in opposing lueplates and traversingr the lower part of said shell in our names to this specication in the pres' Contactl with corrosive liquid therein to heat ence of two witnesses. thesame, removable covers for said steam chests and copper facings for said covers to 5 protect them from corrosion by the corrosive Witnesses:

material under treatment. J. 1). PANooAs'r,- A

In witness whereof, we hereunto subscribe F. WITTE.

EDW. ZAREMBA. OTTO MANTIUS, 

